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Glycopyrrolate is often preferred over atropine because it has a longer duration of action and causes fewer central nervous system side effects. Glycopyrrolate does not cross the blood-brain barrier as easily as atropine, reducing the risk of sedation and confusion. Additionally, glycopyrrolate is less likely to cause tachycardia, making it a safer option for patients with cardiovascular concerns.

Glycopyrrolate is used in the ICU primarily to reduce secretions in the respiratory tract. It is an anticholinergic medication that helps manage excessive salivation and respiratory secretions, which can be particularly beneficial for patients who are intubated or undergoing certain procedures. Additionally, it may be used to counteract bradycardia or as part of preoperative medication to reduce the risk of aspiration.

Glycopyrrolate can affect the heart by increasing the heart rate. It does this by blocking the action of acetylcholine on the heart, which reduces vagal tone and can lead to tachycardia. This effect is often utilized in clinical settings to counteract bradycardia or to reduce secretions during surgery.

Glycopyrrolate is contraindicated in individuals with conditions such as glaucoma, particularly narrow-angle glaucoma, as it can increase intraocular pressure. It is also contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis, obstructive uropathy, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, and obstructive gastrointestinal tract diseases. Additionally, caution is advised in patients with tachycardia or other cardiac conditions where an increase in heart rate could be harmful.

Glycopyrrolate is used in the respiratory system primarily as a bronchodilator to help manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing and opening the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe.