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Diclofenac sodium, available as a topical gel (Voltaren) or solution (Pennsaid), is used to alleviate pain associated with osteoarthritis, particularly in the knees, hands, and wrists. This medication, classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), works by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation. By reducing these chemicals, diclofenac helps relieve joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, thereby improving mobility and flexibility. The gel is typically applied to the affected area 2-4 times daily, depending on the specific product. While the 1% gel can be purchased over-the-counter or through a prescription, the topical solutions require a prescription. Common side effects may include dry skin, redness, and itching, and like other NSAIDs, there is an increased risk of side effects such as blood clots and high blood pressure. For optimal management of chronic conditions like arthritis, consult your healthcare provider about potential non-drug treatments and other medication options.